To my understanding, the proponents tend to say that HCQ is effective when administered as soon as first symptoms (day 0 to 3 I believe). There are also dosage issues and combinations with other drugs, and they say that HCQ is ineffective administered late.
In the first paper you propose, patients treated are already hospitalized (day 14 or fewer still probably not day 0 to 3). The fourth paper states (when following the link the to protocol) that hospitalisation is a condition for eligibility. That's not first symptoms.
The third papers talks about "initiated medication a median of 5.9 days after symptom onset". So not 0 to 3 days?
The second paper you propose talks about administering HCQ as post-exposure prophylaxis. It seems outside of the scope to me.
There are other issues on this debate, dosage, drug combinations, I can't talk about that, this website does:
This person resumes the argument this way:
https://roundingtheearth.substack.com/p/how-to-rig-research-...
(Note that the fourth paper on your list is the RECOVERY trial he's no a fan of)
What do you think about this? Also what about intelligent design?
"Among patients hospitalized with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, the use of hydroxychloroquine, alone or with azithromycin, did not improve clinical status at 15 days as compared with standard care. (Funded by the Coalition Covid-19 Brazil and EMS Pharma; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04322123. opens in new tab.)"
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2019014
"After high-risk or moderate-risk exposure to Covid-19, hydroxychloroquine did not prevent illness compatible with Covid-19 or confirmed infection when used as postexposure prophylaxis within 4 days after exposure. (Funded by David Baszucki and Jan Ellison Baszucki and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04308668. opens in new tab.)"
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2016638
"Neither HCQ nor HCQ/AZ shortened the clinical course of outpatients with COVID-19, and HCQ, but not HCQ/AZ, had only a modest effect on SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding. HCQ and HCQ/AZ are not effective therapies for outpatient treatment of SARV-CoV-2 infection."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258953702...
"Among patients hospitalized with Covid-19, those who received hydroxychloroquine did not have a lower incidence of death at 28 days than those who received usual care. (Funded by UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research and others; RECOVERY ISRCTN number, ISRCTN50189673. opens in new tab; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04381936. opens in new tab.)"
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926
Shall we discuss creationism?