What you're describing lines up well with recent research[1] on multi-agent models of mind. You might be interested in internal double crux[2] and internal family systems[3] more generally. These are techniques for managing mental health very similar that which you describe, and they build primarily upon the idea that the mind is best treated as a collaboration among multiple subagents.

[1] https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/i9xyZBS3qzA8nFXNQ/book-summa...

[2] https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/mQmx4kQQtHeBip9ZC/internal-d...

[3] https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/5gfqG3Xcopscta3st/building-u...