It's not necessary to hit either of those though. I don't think I have any weird configuration for window management, but if I close all the windows of an application, clicking the dock icon for it opens a new window. So from the perspective of the user it's no different than if the application had truly exited. I think that's why the default settings for the dock don't even indicate what's running.

(I don't think it's a good thing to keep applications running when the last window is closed, but that's a different argument)