I've been using macOS for more than a decade, and I can't remember a single case of doing anything where macOS being supposedly "document-oriented" helped me in any way that wouldn't work exactly in the same way in a different OS. So I'm not sure of what use is it for me, really?
The core difference is that macOS is (originally) document-oriented. You could care less if an app is opened or not, window == document, whereas on Windows, window == program.
Each progressively grew into the direction of the other (e.g Finder progressively losing spatial features and Explorer gaining them, MDI interfaces on macOS vs the win7 taskbar being actually more of a Dock...)