What would be the minimum viable hardware to give someone?
I like the Circuit Playground for getting started: https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-circuit-playground-expre...
It has a lot you can do without attaching external devices.
It has a lot you can do without attaching external devices.
Adafruit's tutorials are great. If you know someone who is serious about learning to program, get them all the parts for one of those tutorials. They'll make something cool, and if they need your help, it's just executable pseudocode. Even if you don't know Python, you'll be able to help them with only a tiny bit of reading.