https://www.coindesk.com/crypto-51-attacks-etc
Furthermore it's become pretty clear from the many attacks on value tokens in Etherum & BSC DeFi that the attacker can move faster that the market and drain any liquidity pools/exchanges that have open offers into something that isn't going to collapse.
The theory early on was that the coin cratering b/c of an attack would be an extra deterrent, but the price of coins that have been successfully 51% attacked says otherwise.
Here's another cryptocurrency in the top 100 that has suffered many 51% attacks.
https://cointelegraph.com/news/bitcoin-gold-blockchain-hit-b...
Sometimes people argue that a nation state could "shut down" bitcoin for some amount of money -- say $10B. With that, they could buy enough mining equipment to publish empty blocks and throttle the ability to send transactions.
Part of my skepticism of this idea is that the bitcoin network is already so throttled but it does not seem to affect the value of the coin negatively. What would be hilarious would be if France decided to shut down Bitcoin, and succeeded, but the value of bitcoin then proceeded to increase 100x.