I can't remember the link, but one study I read found that it mainly affected whether people took multiple trips or one to do the same number of things.

E.g. if no traffic, you'll pop to 5 different shops on 5 different days because it's easy.

If tons of traffic, you save it all up to go to the same 5 shops in a single trip instead.

So obviously the effects are complicated, and the consequences aren't obvious. Also, if it's harder to make it to the middle of the big city, that can stimulate more vibrant jobs/shops/activity/etc. in towns on the outskirts that weren't there before.

So while all the examples you've chosen are detrimental, you can also reframe them all as positive.