For instance:
> Under the assumptions of our Fremen Mirage, we ought to expect farming societies to be frequently overtaken and subjugated by their non-farming neighbors
Isn’t it basically the Vikings crushing their neighboors to get fertile territories ? That’s also France’s whole history, getting overrun in waves of invasions, backing up what he calls the “mirage” that is supposed to get debunked.
PS: in economic terms the counterpoint to his theory would be the resource curse, so it’s not a foreign to us concept either
Pirates would be the closest thing that comes to my mind, but it's more an economic activity inside a society than a separate culture.
The same way I do chores, but I'm not a house maid (until perhaps I quit my job)
Examples: Vikings, Barbarians, Huns, ...
Take a cat that has lived an easy life indoors its whole life and put it outside.
How long do you think that cat will survive outdoors compared to a cat who has lived outside its whole life?
As far as we can tell, historically your assumption is wrong. Hard times do not really breed hard people it's a myth that comes from the antiquity and was used by philosophers and elites to link the moral corruption of a people with its inevitable downfall.