No question. It was video gaming from the period roughly spanning 1990-2010 that funded gpu innovation. But programmable compute shaders caught on very rapidly in science. And Nvidia was quick to not just recognize the new market, but bet the company that supercomputing would one day be gpu cluster based.

Here's Jensen Huang talking to Stanford students about the birth of the Cg language (27:40" mark). The entire talk is gold. A text book case study of Moore's Law and the SV model of risk capital:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xn1EsFe7snQ

Ironically, IC Design itself is a strong candidate as an industrial process likely to be revolutionized by AI ;)

Chip Placement with Deep Reinforcement Learning

https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10746