Zero knowledge proofs are the solution for verifying a vote was counted correctly without revealing what the vote actually was.
This still doesn't help, does it? If I can verify that I voted, and my vote counted for something, doesn't mean that the entire vote was counted correctly, or that everyone voted as they are saying they voted, or that a "corrupt government"[1] didn't flood the vote with their own fake votes.
[1] "Corrupt government officials" is the inevitable straw man in any blockchain discussions.
Do you mean doesn't work in an algorithmic sense, or in the sense that the voter can be bludgeoned into allowing someone else to use that capability?
So you want a backdoor, but "only for individuals who voted to know only their vote"? That... that doesn't work.