The most well-known filter brand in the US is Brita which is a pitcher you buy with a replaceable filter. Costs around $20 per filter which last "2-6 months". Probably an order of magnitude more expensive than what you pay in India. It's definitely as a very middle-class thing in US; and to the extent it removes minerals and flouride from the water its arguably detrimental (tap water is generally trusted to be safe.)

Oddly, I recall that the "workaround" solution being to the Flint crisis was to ship in tons of bottled water. Cheap filters, if they remove lead and bacteria fully, would seem like a much more cost effective way.