Step debugging is exactly that: slowing down the execution enough so that errors in the process become apparent before the program reaches its fatal state.
I disagree that it's a non-sequitur. What you want is for government to move slower than its observing processes, otherwise you can't prevent disasters, only correct them after-the-fact. Whether that means slowing down government or speeding up transparency (e.g. journalism/foia requests) is open for debate, but slow(ish) government is essential to the process of checks and balances.
Negative. Bad laws are the program (business logic) itself, not the vulnerabilities. In lieu of refactoring society, I'd vote to continue underclocking the CPU.
In so many words, "move fast and break things" isn't how I want society to be run. You have proposed we "move fast but don't break things". I do not believe that possible.