I think of that as the climate crisis's Prisoner's Dilemma: it's individually advantageous for countries to ignore carbon caps.

If carbon-heavy power generation didn't also emit particulate pollution, we probably wouldn't have a chance in hell. But thankfully, renewables and electric vehicle are also a solution to the pollution problem in many high-population areas.

But afaik, this will be the first time we're asking entire countries to forgoe huge things in their immediate best interest, in pursuit of a greater good.

The Montreal Protocol didn't touch as huge of a part of the economy, and nuclear weapons are their own ball of thistles.

Removing lead from gasoline is probably the nearest analog, although with a much lower adoption burden.