I was in India for the last year (in the outer parts of Hyderabad), with a 50/50Mbps fibre link from a local ISP (and higher speeds were available if you wanted to pay for them, but didn’t seem worthwhile to the householders). Many sites in India and some outside would get the full speeds, but some inside and most outside would never get more than 3Mbps, with many getting substantially under 1Mbps.

After careful diagnosis (as much as you can, of such things) and checking off everything else, I inferred that the local ISP’s peering arrangements were terrible.

I was regularly uploading to YouTube while there: early on I would normally get 30–40Mbps, but at some point (maybe around September?) it dropped to ~1.4Mbps, only going up to 10 or 20 once every couple of months (and even that commonly only for ten or fifteen minutes). In February and early March it started improving again more often, but still not consistently.

(The ISP also NATted who knows how many customers across what looked to be a /24 or /25, done in such a way that I would not have a single public IP address—if I asked canhasip.com, canhazip.com, whatismyipaddress.com and a few others, they’d probably all give me different answers. And if I looked at BitTorrent downloads from the addresses, multiple full movies and such were being downloaded daily, traffic which definitely wasn’t coming from the household I was at.)