You might not have a hub. I’ve added one because the back usb and card reader were hard to reach, that is when the problems started. It might be the dock but I’ve had issues with others too and I don’t want to order any dock I can find and test which ones don’t interfere, especially after I did some research and found out it may be linked to USB 3.

I have a hub with no issues

Seeing as there is a wide range of quality for USB hubs, part of me wonders if this is just poorly designed ones worsening potential issues

Possibly, but given that even Intel and Logitech comment on this issue I won't take the cost and effort of testing them all and reviews are often also pretty worthless.