>To begin with, a fledgling industry in a developing country cannot compete with those of already industrialized countries >these countries are also forced into a position where they get stuck at the low end of the production value chain, selling raw materials, while buying processed goods from others (often the same role they were forcibly assigned when they were colonies

Basically what Friedrich List [1] wrote in 1841 [2], and being proven correct time and time again while we completely disregard it.

Now you can even go further and ask yourselves if what is happening in the West by moving all the factories and manufacturing to China and neighbouring countries isn't exactly like the Colonization of the Americas by the British.

It wasn't luck that made the USA Great. It was the best stock from Europe who come up with the American School [3], and we can now see the tragic consequences of abandoning it for "free" trade.

If a country imports manufactured goods and exports raw materials, it is a colony.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_List [2] https://archive.org/details/nationalsystemp00nichgoog [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_School_(economics)