Although, I feel the specific issues you raise are less of a problem on a desktop-focused distro like Ubuntu or Linux Mint. Those distros really focus on a complete desktop experience, and really try to never require a user to drop into a shell to get anything done. So, perhaps it's a case of people using the "wrong" distro for their needs?
Here's the first line from my "linux sins" file as an example: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1151283/disable-nautilus-cac... If you copy a large file to a USB drive on either Ubuntu or Mint the progress bar goes to 100% instantly and closes and the actual transfer of the file is done in the background without the knowledge of the user. And the answer is "It's your fault, just try to eject the drive until it works."
And even beyond the OS, the whole software ecosystem is broken. It's impossible to find simple, working UIs for the most basic pieces of software, everything goes through the commandline.
It's just how device writes work, and is why Windows users have been told for years to select their device -> Eject instead of just yanking the USB drive out when Windows says 100%.
So, not exactly a fair criticism in my opinion, but your overall point stands - Linux can be rough around the edges for some use cases.
The poster of the question explicitly states that this behavior does not happen on Windows using the same hardware. And indeed, Windows doesn't cache as aggressively as Linux does (which is one of several reasons why Linux tends to have better disk performance and less risk of disk fragmentation), so no, by design, this issue is more pronounced on Linux.
The actual reason why Windows users are told to explicitly eject instead of just yanking the device is because there are various background processes that might be writing to the device (particularly relevant if you're using SpeedBoost or whatever it's called), not because of file copy progress bars being entirely unaware of the OS' caching mechanisms.
And, I say this with no ill-will toward you, I'm not trying to be antagonistic but you're having the same response as all linux users I encounter online. You're denying the problem even exists, saying it's not fair and it might be rough for some use cases? This is transferring a file to a USB stick, this is a very basic use case, and the UI is broken and the UX is dogshit (excuse my french). If we can't admit there is a problem we're never going to get around to fixing it.
I made the switch a year ago after having reached my breaking point with Windows and it still was a massive pain and daily loss of performance. For comparison, I also rooted my Android phone and installed LineageOS without google services which crippled it significantly and it still wasn't as much as a pain to do as using Linux on my workstation.
People often say (not talking about you, just something I see on HN often) that it's easy nowadays and anyone can use it but it's not been my experience and I think it's the very attitude that keeps it from being a commonplace OS for the consumer market. I keep a list in a file I call "linux sins" but without having to look at it you can figure out the problem by just googling any benign problem someone might encounter on their OS and checking the answers. Do the answers start with "Click there" or "Open your terminal"? I don't see the situation changing since people who develop for linux generally refuse to acknowledge the problem.