Fortran arrays are indexed as you choose.
Vectors would be arrays. Array operations will lose if the compiler doesn't scalarization/deforestation properly (if deforestation is an appropriate word when dealing with arrays rather than lists/trees). Subroutines libraries and GPUs are irrelevant.
- (Comment) "array operations, ... are slower than explicit loops" May be related to the following:
- No mention of vectors.
- No mention of LINPACK, LAPACK, etc.
- No mention of GPUs.