Chrome Web Store - installable, available offline apps/games:

https://chrome.google.com/webstore

As far as I am aware all "Chrome apps" are available via good old URLs. Yes "installing" a "Chrome app" may give the client code access to more caching/offline functionality. But these apps should work just fine without that as well. It just seems odd to lament the dearth of chrome apps as a problem when the whole point of ChromeOS is to give you a web browser without anything extra. You just keep using all the same web apps you always have.

They come in two kinds - hosted which is what you're referring to, and packaged which is actually downloaded / (primarily) self-contained.

Maybe it sounds silly but they do actually want to make the laptop useful without a constant internet connection. IMO the point of the ChromeOS is to run apps in a web browser regardless of whether you have a constant internet connection -- instead of using web apps when online and desktop apps while offline as may people do now.

Chrome's extensions can live as entirely unique tabs for offline apps. Shorthand: Chrome apps.