A fair point. I would suggest that doctor's decade-long post-high-school educations are much, much more directly connected to what they are doing than a 4-year bachelor's in computer science is to a programming job. A doctor comes out of an internship in which they were actually doing the job for an extended period of time under heavy supervision. If software engineering adopted the same procedures, we could probably also get away without these interview procedures.
A doctor can do a whole lot more damage than the vast majority of software engineers, and yet doctors don't have to start this proving process from the ground up every job change.