The other poster mentions analog techniques used in contrast-tracking TV-guided munitions like the Walleye, but digital "CV-like" image/contour matching methods were used on the original Tomahawk cruise missile and the Pershing 2 missile to provide terrain-matching navigation and target guidance. GPS was neither sufficiently complete or accurate for strategic weapons in the late 1970s/early 1980s.

In more modern weapons, imaging IR sensors are well-established for terminal guidance on missiles like LRASM, JASSM, or NSM to distinguish targets from clutter and identify specific target features (specific parts of a ship, for example). Of course "traditional" "IR-homing" SAMs and AAMs now use imaging sensors (often with multiple modes like IR+UV) to distinguish between the target and decoys/jammers. Even your basic shoulder-fired anti-tank missile like Javelin requires some amount of CV to identify and track a moving target.