Technical analysis is definitely part of long-term investing (e.g. at the most basic, work out how much profit the company is making compared to the market cap and what dividends will be paid over the investment period)
Technical analysis refers to only looking at the price history of a stock. You are referring to fundamental analysis.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_analysis
Fundamental analysis still requires you have an edge over other investors. Passive does not.
Any kind of technical analysis, fundamental analysis, day trading, etc falls into the first category. Passive investing, factor investing, investing in ETFs, etc falls into the second.