Windows is kinda sorta trying to do this with the Win key. It's not as consistent as what you describe - and it can't really be without breaking a lot of backwards compatibility for the users - but there's a slew of stuff like Win+M to minimize all windows, or Win+E to open Explorer.

(For the curious, look under "Windows logo keyboard shortcuts" here: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/keyboard-shortcu...)