I believe there are only two problems in computing: how data is divided up, and how data is bound together. They function nearly the same because you can use one to get the other, but the choice of which one to apply is critical and influences the shape of the media built on top. Where division is easy, things get shoved into countless categories. Where binding is easy, everything gets glued together.

With respect to the issues of operating systems, "data" maps to "hardware resources". With execution logic, "data" maps to "software architecture". And so on.