I thoroughly enjoyed "Designing Data-Intensive Applications: The Big Ideas Behind Reliable, Scalable, and Maintainable Systems" from Martin Kleppmann.

It's a great book that goes into pretty much all of the commonly used strategies to scaling data-intensive applications. It's not incredibly deep on any of them but it will allow you to get a great overview of the entire space. For each component, there's usually references to places where you can read and study more about them.