To answer your point:
Most/all of the issues you raised are met by "pooling" aka insurance. The need arises at random and when it does there is a massive cost and you urgently need the service. This is what insurance is for.
What I was suggesting isn't that people go and pay the doctor out of pocket -- although they can. Rather that they purchase insurance. Those who can't get $$ indexed to some national average or whatever scheme you prefer. The point is everyone gets to purchase insurance if they so prefer.
The problem is that choice of insurance providers is artifically limited right now and the choice of healthcare providers is as well. So you have a system where you are captive to the need and those who provide the service have a monpoly. Naturally costs will rise. Putting political preassure on government to increase spending is easy way out but that will only shovel more money from the pockets of the many into the pockets of the few. In fact this was predicted when Medicare was first introduced, and here we are. It is not like doctors and providers magically became greedy capitalists in the last 40 years.
Also to be very clear this isn't an issue of "profits". Insurance companies don't have huge profit margins. They make their "wealth" by being a monopoly. The execs make their money on the rise in stock prices which isn't sensitive to their 3-5% profit margin.
i think that has some merit, but its hard for me to imagine that having the payer, be disconnected from the consumer can really create a stable market without heavy handed regulation.
i dont think insurance can really get you to an efficient market. health care is simply not a good where price and substitution apply as in many other markets. and rather than jumping through hoops to invent such a market lets agree that this an ethical part of social contract and manage it with the best technocratic solutions that our society can offer. E.G. NHS and NICE
I think the argument for single-payer is that the buyers of healthcare now have a monopsony to drive down costs with.
If concentration of power was good we'd just find a few wise persons to run the country and leave it all up to them. Other than the little snag, the sinle buyer argument would work.
Giving the individual the money to make their choices is a better way to ensure that people get what they want. A universal healthcare plan (irrespective of how it is funded) because different people -- or even the same person at different stages of their life -- don't have the same needs and the same risk profiles.
What makes you say this (RE water)?
Water is also a necessity as is food and you can have a free market for those.
The questions are: 1. Does the buyer have enough choices or alternatives to choose from when it comes to healthcare? 2. Do those who offer services have a monopoly on the service?
When you look at the US market you'll find that it doesn't meet those criterias. Market forces are prevented from acting and being able to reduce costs.
The fact that there is a captive audience, as you suggest, means that we cannot just shovel money into it. You end up exactly where you are. Costs go up because it is a necessity. Same reason food prices go up when there is a shortage. It is not a luxury.