As I recall, one group was denied approval because they were required to ship a hard drive with their data.
It languished because human trials are expensive and vaccines against rare diseases don't make any money.
And the rules around human trials are there for a reason. Tuskegee wasn't that long ago. The Stanford Prison Experiment was useless and caused much harm.
Once we had Covid, suddenly there was LOTS of money to run those human trials in the proscribed manner. And there were lots of volunteers to do so without human coercion.
Correct. This is because regulations raise the barrier to entry for new drugs to $2.6 billion (in 2019 dollars) https://www.policymed.com/2014/12/a-tough-road-cost-to-devel...
Obviously, some amount of testing is necessary to bring a new drug to market (and the examples you point out support this). If there is no alternative but suffering and death for a condition, having these blanket regulations in place that block new drugs and new treatments only contributes to suffering.
If you get rid of regulation you don't get vaccines faster you get vaccines that kill you because they are dangerous.
Before you reflexively downvote me, please note that I'm not a Trump supporter or even a conservative.