This is actually fairly easy. Typically in tech, management and ownership % for white men approach 100% in the limit. So companies will typically count as investing in a minority business all of the edge cases you can think of, because the norm is ~100% white men in positions of power in a company.

> if the company is owned by white people, but upper management is fully black

This is an intellectual creation that does not exist in the real world as a company that has received institutional capital.