Probably the biggest thing keeping it in check is that they still a fully editor driven website. No article shows up that hasn't been seen by someone at Slashdot HQ, so it's nearly impossible for trolls to flood the zone with hate speech, and even if they try it's easy to filter out by just changing your post threshold. Also, the community is so small these days that nobody would even bother.
I was active on kuro5hin around the same time and that had a story queue where anyone could submit stories and other users could approve, disapprove and suggest changes; when a story hit a positive or negative threshold of approves - disapproves it was posted or deleted, and if didn't hit either within a week it was also removed. Again the thresholds were higher to get a story posted and to get it rejected, and only users with enough positive karma could see the queue at all. That worked pretty well.
In the early 2000s I was active on the "hidden" sids such as trolltalk where people would troll Slashdot and share it with others. At one point one poster ran a dictionary attack on the first 10k accounts using some very simple password guesses and captured several hundred or so - and then built a system that had them log into Slashdot regularly in such a way that they were most likely to receive moderation points, which were given to users who browsed regularly but not frequently. He then wrote an interface that wrapped Slashdot and allowed anyone using it to be able to moderate any comment there as if you had mod points, but actually by using moderation points from one of the pool of accounts.
If you ever saw posts with (Score 30: Troll) on them, that would be why...
It keeps people from simultaneously expressing their opinion and downvoting other opposing opinions.
https://www.reddit.com/r/SubredditDrama/comments/ajg8ng/rlib...
Slashdot is the only major site that was unmoderated in this sense - during the 10+ years I read it the only post ever removed was one with links to Scientology materials that they'd been threatened with litigation over. They replaced it with an explanation of why they'd removed the comment followed by a bunch of links to anti-Scientology sites :)
It had a lot of crap posted there but mostly coped with it, simpler times I think. Their system allowing you to choose the vote threshold for visible posts helped a lot with that.