* defunding schools in minority areas via how school funding is created * war on drugs and mandatory minimum sentencing * selling military grade equipment to local police forces * supporting private prison infrastructure * preventing open discussion of criminal justice reform despite having the largest prison population in the developed world * sending drugs into minority communities via the CIA * supporting police unequivocally despite evidence of wrongdoing going unpunished

... are all public policies and social policies that can lead to that outcome.

It’s not like cities “control their police departments”. Police are all autonomous with their own cultures and political beliefs influenced by a lot of rhetoric and policy and experience.