That said, I think the percent of average ability internet users (ie. people visiting an ecommerce shop) will virtually never attempt to navigate by changing values in a query string param. High scores on a gaming forum, maybe more likely. Either way, if users need the ability to jump through pages, I would hope that would be exposed in a UI rather than expecting people to edit the URL directly.
If you look at any e-commerce systems, ranging from WooCommerce to Shopify, Amazon and Walmart, I think they all use pagination. Some Amazon pages do have infinite scroll however
I have also been frustrated without having the ability to quickly go through commits... Or I think releases for that matter?
For instance, browsing through tags/release versions, which should be a very valid use-case in my opinion also uses cursor based navigation.
git log has a reverse option to reverse the order of commits displayed. You can also provide a commit reference like HEAD~10 to get the 10th ancestor from the head commit.
Does Github have a way to specify URL parameters to achieve something similar?
There's many UX benefits for paginated queries. It gives customer a clear overview of how many products there are and customer can also navigate faster to get a better understanding of what general prices are. If the table/list doesn't have good filters, customer can easily act out binary search to find what they are looking for in an ordered list of items.
Same with highscores, forums threads and other similar things. Say you are browsing highscores and you want to see what scores are around 10000th position etc.
As a user I find having only prev/next buttons a bit claustrophobic in this case. I think UX should trump whatever performance gains there are from it.