"but usually offer much better career development, responsibility growth, training and “learn by doing” opportunities."

Usually the opposite.

At many large companies, people are frozen in operating jobs, and almost 'do' nothing.

Bell Canada (like Verizon), massive organization full of staff graft.

Companies that have a lock on revenue, fat monopolies, are where people park themselves.

Directories with large teams that do almost nothing. Years to make the smallest change in customer service inquiries etc..

The 'real' advantage at working at a startup, in my view - is that you actually get to 'do stuff'.