Look into light field photography tech. It is possible to capture a ”volume of light”, within which bokeh & more can be adjusted after the fact. Issue is the amount of data generated and complexity of tech versus getting a ”good enough for most situations” image via simpler means (regular photo). Regular + depth images (Apple LiDAR etc) with help of AI can create something vaguely similar to actual bokeh, but they’re missing a lot of source data.

In the world of 3D rendering (content created from scratch) very advanced & realistic bokeh effects are possible, as an example see http://lentil.xyz for the Arnold renderer.