You should check out the political compass [0]. It's an organization but I'm more interested in the compass itself [1], which has left and right on the X axis and authoritarianism and anti-authoritarianism on the Y axis. It seems to succinctly describe one's political ideology, although not to a granular detail. There is also the issue of multi-faceted extremism, where one takes views on different issues where when taken as a whole, the overall political philosophy does not fit into any one category. An example is being pro-gun-rights but left-leaning. PG wrote about this [2].

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Political_Compass

[1] https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Po...

[2] http://www.paulgraham.com/mod.html