Hard disagree. We won't see eye to eye on this point, and it really invalidates the rest of w hat you are saying.
I find it hard to believe that anyone could disagree with the above, which means you must disagree that the fruits of this exchange should be my property. Well let me ask you this: the customer made $20 in utility by engaging in this transaction with me. Why should they be able to keep the $20 utility but I must give up part of the $60? And what right do you have to reach into my pocket? If my customers instead traded groceries for my hour of training, should I not be able to keep these groceries?Is it only money that makes the difference for you?
As far as pushing back against crony capitalism and corporatism goes, we are in total agreement.
Consider point 13.6 of Scott Alexander's (Slate Star Codex) Non-Libertarian FAQ:
https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/02/22/repost-the-non-liberta...
If you assume that "individual property earned through voluntary exchange" is the ultimate value to be upheld, you may end up having to defend a hellscape world. You need at least to temper it with something along the lines of the Lockean proviso.
But I do consider it an important value since a lot of the motivation behind redistribution is self interest and jealousy (this is a finding in social science research), benelovant compassion only explains a small proportion of the variation.
1. Who do you think decides what rights an individual has in a society, and on what grounds do they hold that right? 2. Why grant property rights
On what grounds do they hold that right? I'm not religious so I can't appeal to an ultimate moral authority. See (2).
2. If you grant and enforce property rights you stake the individual, and the overall outcome is a more prosperous world. Removing property rights is a good way to collective starvation, it's been tried before. So it's moral in the sense that enforcing property rights minimises human suffering through the above mechanism.
Irrespective, the wealth is the property of an individual who earned that wealth through voluntary exchange. If they want to give it all to their kids, to a charitable cause, or just destroy it, that should be their right as owners of that property, it is not just for the state to steal that property because some people don't like it when the parent decides to give that wealth to the child. Focus taxation on things that harm an unwilling third party, not things that involve only two consenting parties where nobody is made worse off.