r > g, where r is the rate of return and g is the overall economic growth of the economy.

It means the rich capture a growing portion of productivity, and in modern days it is on the strength of the financialization of productivity, not necessarily people actually doing work.

How is this an optimal system? How is it even a functioning system? What we are doing as a species, today, right now, is not working and our ability to live on this planet is increasingly in danger.

So? I already said that I have utmost respect for those who create wealth. I am in full support to letting people create wealth as much as they want.

What I firmly oppose is someone who has a birth lottery of being born to such wealth creators - they don't deserve to inherit a vast fortune and all the power and privilege that come with it.