It is already almost uninhabitable and has been for a long time. Nevertheless ~10M people live there. Technology is solving this, either the root cause or the symptoms

Air conditioning the outside is almost assuredly not sustainable.

Not sure what you mean “the outside”. Only indoors are air-conditioned (using electricity). And in the UAE, right now, electricity generation is slowly being switched over solar energy (away from natural gas), which is clean / renewable / sustainable. (https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/worlds-largest-...)

It was Qatar that I was thinking of.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/world/climate-e...

They do have in fact one neighbor, Iran, in which in some places temperatures rise above 50°C, with high humidity, which is close to uninhabitable. And this is due to climate change, so it is going to get worse. I think it is possible this has ripple effects.