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Re:Oxford University breakthrough on global COVID-19 vaccine by yodelshady on Monday November 23, 2020 @08:24AM (#25186479)
>which covers r&d and marketing but also the failed attempts that lead nowhere in between.

How do you account for the failed attempts?

As yomly alludes to, pharma startups exist because they don't own the risk - their investors bought it when they were funded. Big pharma does own the risk.

Re:Oxford University breakthrough on global COVID-19 vaccine by beagle3 on Monday November 23, 2020 @10:52AM (#25188022)
You sum the expenditure and divide by number of successes, with some accounting for the delay. It is actually much easier than trying to figure out the cost of a specific drug, because research is sometimes shared.