Oh, right, I was not there at all.

Wow, that seems hard to do. One would need to take a lot of things in account, including recursive calls, asynchronous functions / calls and, indeed, even long strings of instructions that are not necessarily part of a loop or recursive calls.

Would a transform that adds the check between every JS instructions where it is possible theoretically solve the problem? is there a solution that does not slow down the code too much and interrupts the code within an acceptable margin?

Yeah! The general case of this is the halting problem... The best solution I know of is stopify, which the other comments have talked about. I just wonder if there's another take on the situation, something akin to OS task management.