Of course you can call C functions, but it is neither ergonomic nor performant. And good luck exchanging more complex data structures. Java can't use C structures directly, Rust can.
You still need a JVM, which what the GP is trying to point out (I think...)
That said; nowadays you have the Native and JS runtimes as possible targets as well. Scala.js works surprisingly good with very few caveats.
No, it's not. You can call native (C) functions from the JVM.