For reference, this is what String.substring(int, int) does[1] in Java:

    public String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
        int length = length();
        checkBoundsBeginEnd(beginIndex, endIndex, length);
        ...

Where checkBoundsBeginEnd[2] does:

    static void checkBoundsBeginEnd(int begin, int end, int length) {
        if (begin < 0 || begin > end || end > length) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(
                "begin " + begin + ", end " + end + ", length " + length);
        }
    }

(as it should, in my opinion).

[1] https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk-jdk11/blob/f0ef2826d...

[2] https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk-jdk11/blob/f0ef2826d...