With sharepoint you can check the file in/out and see version history, possibly with a comment on each versio. But it’s not very similar to version control system. Particularly since formulas and data live together. Better than nothing. (As soon as it gets harder to use, people revert to saving files locally and emailing them to each other... so it’s about as good as it can be really)

“Revision Tracking” is the built-in tool for this, which is about as good as most no-code solutions I’ve seen.

There’s a git extension, git-xltrail, if you want to use Excel with git.

I actually built an external version control system for Excel a few years ago. It is actually a hard problem to solve, as you have to figure out when a user cuts and pastes between worksheets to be useful.