I’m not too familiar with infrared neuromodulation, but it isn’t a widely used technique in systems neuroscience. My guess is it would be hard to target individual neurons, let alone target a genetically defined population of cells. Heating is usually what causes damage from light stimulation, so we try to minimize heating as much as possible—the brain very tightly controls temperature

Interesting! Thanks for the reply! Is the laser intensity much lower with optogenetics compared to infrared neuromodulation?