Some people with particularly bad spending habits use debit cards as a way to enforce self-control, but there are probably much better ways of achieving that. Teenagers also use them when paying with their own money because you can't have a credit card until you're 18 unless it's an authorized user card on your parents' account. Costco used to make you pay with a debit card, if I remember correctly.

But those are pretty much edge cases. Credit builder and secured credit cards exist for people with poor or no credit.