I don't want to say impossible, because that's not quite true, but close to. Mobian runs pretty much a stock Linux kernel, and there are only two recent devices on the market designed to do that: the PinePhone and the Librem 5. The alternative is to use libhybris to run on top of an Android kernel (including all the proprietary drivers needed for a typical Android phone), but... that's really something the distro developers would have to do, not you as a user.
Some Android devices are now mostly bootable with mainline Linux or something close to it (PostmarketOS has done a lot of great work here), but these are typically devices that are several years old, not the kind of thing you'd go out and buy in a store.
In short: unless the device you buy happens to be a PinePhone or Librem 5 or you are a dedicated kernel hacker or distro developer... no chance, for the vast majority of recent devices you might buy.
I d definitely recommend the pinephone for playing with it and watching it's progress though ;)
The thing with the PinePhone is that it is not very easy to buy. Say I get used to the PinePhone as my daily driver for having a terminal in my pocket. And then it breaks. Then I am f*cked and have to wait weeks or months for a new one to ship from Hong Kong.
If we were at the point were I can just go to a store, buy a phone and put Linux on it - I would start right now.
Since Mobian is bringing Debian to phones, I am playing with the idea to try it.
How easy/hard is it nowadays to just go to a store, buy a nice phone, go home and put Mobian on it?
I am not talking about how nice the phone experience is. Just how easy/hard the switch to Mobian would be.
I'm fully aware that Mobian is brand new. But I would like to have a phone where I can play with it and watch it's progress.