That's not how taxes work though. I pay for a ton of other things besides State taxes, like my Spotify subscription, my rent, my food, my transportation — why not deduct all of that before paying taxes as well?

The State and Local governments provide a basket of services, and taxation is the price of those services. It's no more double taxation to pay all of the different governments for their different basket of services as it is "double payment" to pay different service providers the price of their goods & services independent of one another.

Because the state tax is not a Spotify subscription?

The State tax is a (variable) price we pay for the benefit of living in the State and enjoying the services it offers (policing, fire departments, libraries, schools, utilities, roads, property rights, etc)

A Spotify subscription is a price we pay for the benefit of unlimited music streaming.

Both represent an exchange of money for services.