Whether 5..0 being an empty range is "bad stuff" or "good stuff" is a matter of perspective. It is often "good stuff" for me, when computing some indices to slice with. Panicking on construction would force one perspective on every use case.

> But why isn't it panicking on len()? How is 0 the right answer there?

- len is `ExactSizedIterator.len()` which is the length of `Range` as iterator, i.e. the number of items yielded by next. Which is 0.

- When slicing with 5..0 it threats it not as an empty iterator but as an out of bounds access. This is without question slightly inconsistent and not my favorite choice but was decided explicitly this way as it makes it much easier to catch bugs wrt. wrongly done slices. Also it only panics if you do Index which can panic anyway but it won't panic if you use e.g `get` where it return `None` so making it traet the "bad" empty case differently for slicing doesn't add a new error path, but doing so for iteration and `len` would add a new error path especially given that `ExactSizedIterator.len()` isn't supposed to panic as it's a size hint.

But why isn't it panicking on len()? How is 0 the right answer there?

Because that’s the length of the iterator? The range is empty, its exact size is 0.

The range is invalid, not empty; someone had to do a validity check to return 0 to prevent it from returning -5 or trying to count up from 0 (depending on what it was willing to assume). A big point of the article is that a range of size 0 should always be iterable, but it somehow isn't, because it isn't actually of size 0.

No the author misrepresents the facts.

If you index a slice with a out of bounds index it will panic independent of weather the index is a usize or a Range<usize>.

If you use `get` with a out of bound index you always get a None.

Sure it's open for discussion if why a range with start > end should be treated the same as an out of bounds index or if it should be treated as empty slice. But then doing the former makes it easier to catch errors.

Enforcing start <= end would mean that the range construction is fallible which would be a major usability nightmare and now you would need two synatxes one for the normally error handling and one for panicking or you would need to add a lot of unwraps or similar.

Range's are mainly used ad-hoc (e.g. `slice[start..=mid+2]`) or `for x in x..y {...}` and are optimized for that usage patterns.

For other usages they might not be optimal. But you can always do your own types.