In PC history, there were two opportunities to redesign the input hardware for a new kind of GUI...
First was in 1987 when IBM introduced the PS/2. It was a play for IBM to regain control of the wild west PC clone market, and failed as that, but the PS/2 keyboard and mouse connector standards lived on for more than 15 years. If IBM had revamped the keyboard at that point with something like the Star action buttons, they would have become a part of the OS/2 GUI and subsequently Windows.
Another junction was in 1995, when Microsoft launched Windows 95 and introduced new keyboards with the Windows key. At this point Microsoft carried so much weight with OEMs that I think they would have been able to push through something more radical on the input device front, if they'd wanted.
Nit picking here, but right-click was obviously not introduced with the single button Mac mouse. And the awful double-click gesture was made necessary because of this single button mouse, the original Apple sin.