I think it's easier and less corruptible to have the goal be to reduce the consumption causing the waste and attack the problem at the root. I.e. a tax increasing the cost of everything to reflect the cost of properly disposing it.
Recycling doesn't undo the environmental damage, and in many cases it takes huge amounts of energy to recycle causing even more damage.
Absolutely
https://www.wgbh.org/news/local-news/2018/07/19/massachusett...
They've been using the ground glass as aggregate in roads..
You are 100% correct in that there needs to be economic incentive.
At some point in the future landfills will be on par with gold mines, and only then will we see how truly wasteful we have been.
https://cen.acs.org/materials/inorganic-chemistry/glass-recy...
Basically the lack of sensible policy.
It seems like the only way to make recycling truly effective at a large scale is to make it economically viable, either through the creating of new recycling techniques that make using recycled materials the cheapest option, or through subsidies to artificially produce the same effect.