There is also a more broad article about ad fraud I found interesting https://clearcode.cc/blog/rtb-online-advertising-fraud/

I can imagine that ad fraud prevention must be a hard task, probably requiring AI/ML nowadays. But I don't like that fact because it will probably force website owners to add more behavior tracking and analytics events on every web page. That will end up with more websockets, more memory and longer loading times and higher UI latencies and further worsenijg thr web browsing experience which is already pretty bad. :(